The symbol

The XV Apollinaris is sometimes confused with two other legions of the same number: an earlier unit, commanded by Julius Caesar and eventually arriving in North Africa in 49 BC, and a later unit that was present at the Battle of Philippi under the orders of Second Triumvirate and then sent to the East.

Octavian used the XV Apollinaris to end Sextus Pompey's occupation of Sicily, which threatened Rome's grain supply. After the Battle of Actium, where the legion probably obtained its name Apollinaris, it was sent to the garrison of Illyricum, where it probably remained until 6 BC, although it may have taken part in the Cantabrian Wars.

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